The essay examines the adequacy of organisational, administrative and accounting structures required by Article 2086(2) of the Italian Civil Code, framing it as a general clause (or principle) of business and company law and tracing the ways in which its content is being specified. Alongside the traditional reading in terms of proportionality to the nature and size of the business, a now prevailing understanding has emerged, driven above all by the Business Crisis and Insolvency Code: adequacy as the fitness of corporate structures to achieve mandatory outcomes, increasingly defined by statutory, regulatory and soft-law sources. This narrows directors' discretion and calls for a reassessment of the business judgment rule, which should not apply to whether structures are put in place but may, within limits, apply to how they are designed. The duty also extends to shareholders' choices in the articles of association and to the company's financial adequacy, with consequences not only in terms of liability but also of invalidity. Finally, adequacy is analysed in light of the interests it protects: no longer only efficient management in the shareholders' interest, but also external interests, including sustainability and ESG factors, which operate as conditions for the lawful conduct of the business rather than as its ends.
Il saggio esamina l'adeguatezza degli assetti organizzativi, amministrativi e contabili prescritta dall'art. 2086, comma 2, c.c., inquadrandola come clausola generale (o principio) del diritto dell'impresa e delle società, e ne ricostruisce le traiettorie di concretizzazione. Accanto alla tradizionale lettura in chiave di proporzionalità alla natura e alle dimensioni dell'impresa emerge, soprattutto per effetto del Codice della crisi, un'accezione oggi preminente: l'adeguatezza come idoneità degli assetti a conseguire risultati doverosi, sempre più specificati da fonti normative, regolamentari e di soft law. Ne derivano una riduzione degli spazi di discrezionalità gestoria e un ripensamento dell'applicabilità della business judgment rule, da escludere quanto al "se" dell'istituzione degli assetti e da ammettere, entro limiti, quanto al "come". Il precetto investe anche le scelte statutarie dei soci e l'adeguatezza finanziaria della società, con rilievo non solo risarcitorio ma anche invalidante. Infine l'adeguatezza è letta in rapporto agli interessi protetti: non più soltanto l'efficienza della gestione nell'interesse dei soci, ma anche la tutela di interessi esterni, fino alla sostenibilità e ai fattori ESG, da considerare come condizioni per il legittimo esercizio dell'impresa più che come suoi fini.
Perrino, M. (2026). La clausola generale dell'adeguatezza. IL CASO, 1-37.
La clausola generale dell'adeguatezza
Perrino, Michele
2026-09-22
Abstract
The essay examines the adequacy of organisational, administrative and accounting structures required by Article 2086(2) of the Italian Civil Code, framing it as a general clause (or principle) of business and company law and tracing the ways in which its content is being specified. Alongside the traditional reading in terms of proportionality to the nature and size of the business, a now prevailing understanding has emerged, driven above all by the Business Crisis and Insolvency Code: adequacy as the fitness of corporate structures to achieve mandatory outcomes, increasingly defined by statutory, regulatory and soft-law sources. This narrows directors' discretion and calls for a reassessment of the business judgment rule, which should not apply to whether structures are put in place but may, within limits, apply to how they are designed. The duty also extends to shareholders' choices in the articles of association and to the company's financial adequacy, with consequences not only in terms of liability but also of invalidity. Finally, adequacy is analysed in light of the interests it protects: no longer only efficient management in the shareholders' interest, but also external interests, including sustainability and ESG factors, which operate as conditions for the lawful conduct of the business rather than as its ends.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Estratto Perrino da RA.pdf
accesso aperto
Descrizione: Estratto PDF
Tipologia:
Versione Editoriale
Dimensione
447.57 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
447.57 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


